Trees, and all plants, have a natural distribution in the world. We refer to a native tree as when it occurs naturally in a particular place. The natural distribution of trees may be considered at different levels on the basis of classification: plant family, genus and species. Each level usually ranges from the most extensive to the one with most restrictions. For example, the extraordinarily large and diverse Pea Family, Fabaceae, includes about 700 genera; including trees and shrubs which are spread throughout the subtropical and tropical world.
For example, the thorn trees of the genus Acacia, of the Fabaceae, has over 160 species, and has several restrictions in its natural distribution. It is common in Central and South America, Africa and South Asia. Continuing the progression, the Cinnecord tree (Acacia choriophylla), one of the species TreeWorld has in stock, exhibits a natural range which limits with the Florida Keys, the Bahamas and Cuba.
What Are Native Trees and Their Natural Distribution?
There are advantages and disadvantages of the ornamental cultivation of native trees within their natural area. In the first case, native trees grow well where they have evolved and therefore they adapt perfectly to the climatic conditions. Elements like necessary soil mycorrhiza; insect pollinators are present and they provide traditional food sources for local fauna.
Among the disadvantages are that the tree or shrub may be subject to disease or pest attacks from locally-prevalent organisms. Moreover, native trees may be less common in the local nursery trade. And harder to obtain, and hence it limits cultivation information available for their growth.
Gardeners sometimes also have an aversion to cultivating native plants. Mostly because they may be a common feature of the natural landscape and thus not as interesting.
What Are Exotic Trees and Their Natural Distribution?
Exotic trees, those grown outside their native range, offer both advantages and challenges in the landscape. Many home gardeners find them especially appealing because they look different from local tree species. Their unfamiliar appearance often makes them stand out and attract more attention.
Trees and plants evolve alongside specific pests and diseases in their native environments. When introduced to a new region, an exotic tree may benefit from the absence of those natural threats and grow more vigorously than it would at home. However, the opposite can also occur. Local insects or diseases may adapt to the exotic tree and find it an ideal host, making cultivation difficult or even impossible.
When an exotic tree grows in a climate very different from its native habitat, its growth cycle can change. Leaf production, flowering, and fruiting may shift or fail altogether. In some cases, the tree may flower but never produce mature fruit. This often happens when the tree’s natural pollinator is not present in the new environment.
Most challenges related to growing exotic trees are well documented. Because of this, gardeners can easily select species that perform well on their own or alongside native trees. With the right choices, exotic trees can thrive and create a beautiful, balanced home landscape.
